Breeding, Utilization And Management Of Fur Animals In China

From the beginning of human being to the highly civilized today, the fur of wild animal evolved from the material of early human occlusion and cold, and became one of the carriers of traditional culture and fashion culture.

China's Forestry Department attaches great importance to the guidance and management of breeding and utilization of fur animals. In line with the protection policy of "strengthening resources protection, actively taming and breeding, and rationally developing and utilizing", effective measures have been taken to strengthen the standardized management and realize the pformation of wild animal fur from the wild to the breeding of fur animals. It has significantly improved the artificial breeding conditions and skinning techniques of fur animals, and is taking measures to further strengthen the protection of fur animal resources, regulate their breeding and utilization, improve the welfare status of fur animals, and give overall consideration to the coordinated and sustainable development of clothing culture, fur industry and wildlife protection.

Historical origins of fur animals utilization

As early as in ancient times, people who were still in obscurity stage began to wear animal skins to resist cold and cover their bodies.

With the development of material civilization in human society, human clothing and clothing materials emerge in an endless stream. Today, mankind can no longer rely on wild animal fur to cover up the body and keep out the cold.

However, wild animal fur clothing and clothing did not withdraw from the stage of history. Instead, they boarded the stage of western fashion and fashion in the early twentieth Century, ushered in an unprecedented development stage, and the fur trade of international wild animals was also growing.

However, excessive demand has also caused serious damage to wildlife resources, prompting people to seriously consider the relationship between wildlife protection and economic needs, and find ways and means to solve this problem.

Artificial breeding of fur animals came into being, which not only alleviated the pressure of field resources protection, but also laid the foundation for fur clothing and clothing industry and the sustainable development of culture.

At the same time, the artificial breeding conditions, techniques and skin picking methods of fur animals are also attracting more and more attention from human beings.

After a long period of change and development, animal fur is no longer a simple material used to keep out the cold cover, but because of its unique properties, especially its inherent original beauty and profound historical and cultural connotation, it has pformed into an important carrier and element of fusion of tradition and fashion in today's clothing and clothing culture.

Along with the development of human clothing culture, human feelings of protecting and caring for wild animals are also constantly sublimated. It is required that animal fur industry should take into consideration the requirements of wildlife protection and welfare while inheriting clothing and clothing culture, so that the industry can achieve coordinated and sustainable development, and thus will continue to thrive in the process of human civilization.

Two. Changes in China's fur industry

There are abundant species of wild animals in China, including nearly 100 species of wild animals that can be used as raw materials for fur.

Like other countries in the world, the record of clothing and clothing made by animal fur in China has been accompanied by the history of early human evolution and social development, and the main body is self produced.

Until the beginning of the last century, with the rapid growth of international trade, wild animal fur became one of the bulk commodities of China's exports, mainly for consumption in the western developed countries.

At that time, all of the wild animal skins came from the wild.

Since the founding of new China, China has started to promote and promote the artificial breeding of fur animals in order to comprehensively consider the two needs of fur animal resources protection and rational utilization. Since 1956, the first batch of fur animal breeding farms in China has been established in Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Shandong provinces.

Since then, China's fur animal breeding industry has entered a period of development from scratch and from small to large.

By the 80s of last century, the number of Chinese fur animals and the annual output of fur had reached a sizeable scale. Fur tanning processing industry, processing industry, machinery and chemical industry, fur and fur business, trade and service industries have also been significantly developed, making China's fur animal breeding and utilization become a cross industry, cross sectoral comprehensive industry, playing a very important role in providing international apparel and apparel market, and inheriting clothing and clothing culture. Some rural areas in China also benefit from the development of the industry, and many farmers' economic conditions have been significantly improved.

With the rapid development of economy, since the late 80s of last century, the consumption demand of fur garments and garments in China has gradually increased, which has further promoted the development of China's fur animal breeding industry. Especially in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei and other places, a large number of fur animal farms (households) began to pform to scale and intensive pformation, and actively sought scientific and technological support, improved the way of feeding management, and promoted the qualitative leap of Chinese fur animal breeding industry, and became a great breeding country for fur animals in the world.

Up to now, China's animal fur production accounts for 45% of the world's total output. It is also the most important fur clothing processing and production center in the world, and the export and import of animal fur and its clothing and clothing are all in a large proportion. The export of animal fur and clothing and clothing is mainly for the economically developed countries.

The development of China's animal fur industry has not only made important contributions to the development and cultural inheritance of fur clothing and apparel industry all over the world, but also the large-scale development of fur animal breeding industry has played a positive role in the protection of wild resources.

As early as 50 years ago, almost all of China's export animal skins came from the wild. By the 80s of last century, about 40% to 45% of China's exported animal fur and clothing and clothing products came directly from the wild. By the end of last century, the proportion had dropped to less than 12%.

At present, China produces almost all animal fur and its clothing and clothing products from artificial breeding resources.

It can be seen that the breeding of fur animals in China, while meeting the needs of raw materials for wild animal fur clothing and clothing, has also effectively alleviated the pressure of field resource protection and produced positive ecological benefits.

Three. Protection and standardized management of fur animals in China

China's protection of fur animals was gradually strengthened with the progress of wildlife protection.

As early as 1950, the central government issued the "rare biological protection measures"; in 1962, the State Council put forward the policy of "strengthening resources protection, actively domestication and breeding, and reasonable hunting and utilization".

In the meantime, China has implemented management measures for hunting, purchasing and exporting wild animal fur, and began to breed fur animals artificially. Its purpose is to explore the way of sustainable utilization of fur animals.

In November 8, 1988, the fourth session of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress adopted the law of the People's Republic of China on the protection of wildlife. China's wildlife conservation began to enter the track of standardization and legalization, and the standardized management of fur animal protection and breeding was also strengthened.

First, the state key protected wildlife list, approved by the State Council in 1988, included many fur animals such as sable and otter. In 2000, the State Forestry Administration of China issued a list of land wildlife that is beneficial to the state or has important economic and scientific research value, and included almost all fur animals, such as foxes, raccoons and weasels, so that fur animals are protected strictly by Chinese laws.

Two, in 2004, the State Forestry Administration issued the "guidance on promoting sustainable development of wild animals and plants", explicitly prohibiting or strictly restricting the hunting and hunting of wild resources for commercial use, thus increasing the protection of wildlife including fur animals.

Three, China's wildlife protection law enforcement and supervision strength has been continuously strengthened, and the law enforcement system has been established, which is mainly based on Forest Public Security and wildlife protection administration system, and the relevant departments such as industry and commerce, customs and so on.

Four, the China Wildlife Protection Association has established the wildlife breeding Committee. The China Leather Association has established a fur Specialized Committee, playing an important role in industry coordination and standardization, and effectively promoting the healthy development of fur animal breeding and processing industry.

Five, aiming at the problems of poor facilities and backward technology in the rapid development of fur animal breeding, China's State Forestry Administration has formulated and issued the "blue fox feeding management technology" (1998), "general technical conditions for terrestrial wildlife farms" (1999) and "Provisional Regulations on the breeding and utilization technology of fur wild animals" (hereinafter referred to as the "technical regulations"). According to the international prevailing standards, a series of standardized management requirements for fur animal farm construction, feeding management, sanitation and epidemic prevention, death and skin processing methods, archives management, animal welfare and technical services have been put forward, and actively promoted the improvement and improvement of fur animal breeding conditions and techniques.

Six, the provincial forestry authorities and more than 100 key enterprises engaged in breeding and utilization of fur animals were studied and deployed in Dalian in 2006. Since 2006, the State Forestry Administration has entrusted the Chinese Wildlife Protection Association's breeding committee to carry out specialized technical training and Discussion on more than 500 key enterprises engaged in fur animal breeding in six phases. The technical regulations have been publicized through websites and publications, and the key provinces have also carried out corresponding technical training according to the actual conditions of the region, guiding and promoting the improvement and improvement of the breeding conditions and techniques for fur animals. In 2008, the expert group was organized to inspect and evaluate a batch of breeding units, processing points and technical service organizations.

The seven is to study the marking management measures for fur and its products. In 2007, a pilot plant for breeding and utilization of fur animals was selected, so as to accumulate experience and prepare for the uniform marking management of fur and products.

Through these efforts, China has greatly strengthened the protection and management of fur animals. The technology and conditions for breeding and utilization of fur animals have been gradually improved. In general, better protection has been fundamentally changed compared with the primitive facilities and backward technology.

Four. Development direction of fur animal breeding and utilization industry in China

After years of development, China has become a major producer and consumer of wild animal fur and its clothing and apparel, playing an important role in the world's fur industry and its cultural development.

Because it fully recognizes the role that this role should shoulder in inheriting wildlife fur clothing, clothing culture and wildlife protection, China will continue to strengthen the standardized management of breeding and utilization of fur animals, and guide fur animals to breed and make use of the coordination and sustainable development of industry and wildlife protection.

(1) to further strengthen the protection of fur animals' outdoor resources.

At this stage, we must continue to prohibit or strictly restrict the hunting of wild animal skins from the wild for clothing and clothing. Apart from scientific research and other special situations, the forestry sector will not approve and issue fur animal hunting licenses and hunting licenses.

Through the above measures, it is necessary to provide a necessary period of recuperation for the restoration and growth of fur animals' wild populations, so as to make them play a better ecological role.

(two) constantly improve the breeding techniques and conditions of fur animals.

In the fur animal breeding industry, we continue to implement the "technical regulations", and regularly organize industry associations, technical experts and wildlife management departments to check and evaluate the conditions and techniques of fur animal breeding units every year, so as to ensure the full implementation of the technical regulations.

At the same time, according to the opinions and suggestions from all sides, we should constantly adjust and perfect the "technical regulations" to promote the breeding and utilization technology and conditions of fur animals in China to achieve higher standards.

(three) carry out fixed-point skin and logo management.

In order to ensure the standardization of the technology of skin grafting, according to the requirements of the "technical regulations", we will select some parts of the region to carry out the pilot test of skin picking. The fur animals that are bred in the experimental area are only limited to the skin collection agencies that meet the requirements of the skin technology, and the skin is uniformly carried out.

At the same time, breeding conditions and skin picking techniques conform to the wild animal fur obtained by the technical regulations, and the "China wildlife management and utilization management special logo" is gradually loaded by batch.

After the experience gained in the pilot work, we will further improve and implement the management system of the designated skin picking and marking.

(four) increase investment in science and technology and strengthen law enforcement publicity.

To promote the continuous upgrading of China's fur animal breeding and utilization technology, China's State Forestry Administration has established a fur animal expert group jointly with the China Wildlife Conservation Association, the China Leather Association and other tertiary institutions. It has actively carried out scientific research and fruit extension of fur animals domestication and breeding, strengthened technical consultation and training, and worked hard to improve the management level of the industry.

At the same time, China's forestry departments at all levels and relevant law enforcement and supervision departments will intensify supervision and inspection, urge the breeding and utilization units to continuously improve the welfare status of fur animals, and strengthen cooperation with relevant non-governmental organizations, publicize the policy and knowledge of fur animal protection and standardized management, create a good social atmosphere, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of China's fur animal breeding and utilization industry.

For thousands of years, the fur of wild animals has been accompanied by the origin and development of human costume.

Today, although human beings no longer rely on wild animal fur to protect against cold, the inheritance and innovation of human clothing and clothing culture will continue to yearn for this element.

We must also see that protecting and caring for wild animals reflects human kindness and sentiment, and is a sign of the progress of human civilization.

The breeding and utilization industry of fur animals carries two demands of human civilization, which need to be coordinated and compatible with human intelligence.

In this regard, China has been and will continue to take effective measures to effectively strengthen fur animal protection and breeding and utilization of standardized management, and constantly improve the fur animal welfare status, promote fur animal breeding and utilization industry, take into account the clothing clothing cultural heritage and wildlife protection, welfare protection two requirements, to achieve coordinated and sustainable development.